Building Construction Flow

 Building Construction Flow 

During construction, principles, policy, and procedures of the work-related Safety and Health Administration should be observed.

Conventional construction method:

Following is an explanation of the basic conventional construction procedure for a multistory building:

After the grant of a  construction contract to a building contractor, the owner may ask the contractor to sign the contract by giving the contractor an agreement. The contractor then obtains construction permits, as required, from governmental agencies, such as the local building, water, sewer, and highway departments.

Building agreement:

The Building contractor plans and schedules construction operations in detail and organizes equipment and workers for the project. Subcontractors are informed of the contract grant and contract papers to subcontracts, then are given, at appropriate times, notices to proceed.

Before construction begins, the building contractor orders a review to be made of adjacent structures and terrain, both for the record and to become knowledgeable of local conditions. A survey is then made to layout construction.

Demolishing and safety and setting up Construction Field Office/ Trailers/ cum Security Shed:

Field offices for the contractor are raised on or near the site. If desirable for safety reasons to protect bystanders, the contractor erects a fence around the site and an overhead protective cover called a bridge. Structures required to be removed from the site are demolished and the debris is carted away.

Site clearing and excavation

Next, the site is prepared for the construction of the building. This work may involve grading the top surface to bring it to the proper elevations, unearth to required depths for basement and foundations, and shifting of utility piping. For deep excavations, earth sides are braced and the bottom is drained.

Construction foundation:

The main construction starts with marking and the placement of foundations, on which the building rests. This is followed by the construction of load-bearing walls and structural framing. Depending on the height of the building, ladders, stairs, or elevators may be constructed to enable construction workers to travel from floor to floor and finally to the roof. Also, lifts may be installed to lift materials to the upper stages. If needed, temporary flooring may be positioned for use of workers.

Post-construction phase: 

As the building gets higher, pipes, ducts, and electric instruments and wiring are installed. Then, permanent floors, exterior walls, and windows are constructed. At a suitable time, permanent elevators are installed. Fixed partitions are built and the roof and its covering, or roofings are built.

Finishing operations follow. These include installation of the following: ceilings; floor and wall tiles; wardrobe, wallboard; wall paneling; plumbing fittings, air-conditioning equipment; heating and cooling devices for rooms; escalators, floor coverings; window glass, doors, finishing hardware, electrical equipment, and device, including lighting fixtures, switches, outlets, transformers, and controls; and other items called for in the drawings and specifications. Field offices/ shed, fences, covers, bridges, and other temporary construction must be removed from the site. Utilities, such as gas, electricity, and water, are hooked up to the building. The site is landscaped and paved. Finally, the building interior is painted and cleaned.

The owner or his representatives then does the building a final inspection. If they find that the structure conforms with the contract documents, the owner accepts the project and gives the building contractor/ civil engineer final payment on issuance by the building department of a certificate of occupancy, which indicates that the completed building meets building-code requirements as in the agreement.

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